What are the Differences between ASL and BSL?

When it comes to sign languages, many people assume that they are all the same, regardless of the country. However, this is far from the truth. American Sign Language (ASL) and British Sign Language (BSL) are two distinct sign languages with their own unique histories, structures, and usage. So, what are the differences between ASL and BSL?

Historical Background

ASL and BSL have different origins, which have shaped their development and usage. ASL emerged in the early 19th century in the United States, influenced by French Sign Language (LSF) and Martha’s Vineyard Sign Language. BSL, on the other hand, has its roots in British sign language traditions, with influences from various regional sign languages in the UK.

Key Differences between ASL and BSL

• Historical Background: ASL emerged in the United States, influenced by French Sign Language and Martha’s Vineyard Sign Language, while BSL has its roots in British sign language traditions.
• Linguistic Structure: ASL uses a subject-verb-object (SVO) word order, whereas BSL uses a subject-object-verb (SOV) word order.
• Vocabulary: ASL and BSL have distinct vocabularies, with different signs for common words and phrases.
• Grammar: ASL relies heavily on non-manual markers, while BSL uses manual signs more frequently.
• Cultural Context: ASL is part of American Deaf culture, while BSL is part of British Deaf culture.
• Community and Usage: ASL is widely used in the United States, while BSL is used in the UK, with varying levels of recognition and support.

Understanding these differences is essential for anyone interested in learning or using these sign languages. Recognising and respecting these differences can foster better communication and greater inclusivity for the deaf and hard-of-hearing communities.

American Sign Language (ASL)

ASL is widely used in the United States and parts of Canada. It is known for its unique grammar and syntax, which differ significantly from spoken English. ASL is not a simplified version of English but a full-fledged language with its own linguistic structure. It is used by the Deaf and hard-of-hearing communities, as well as by hearing individuals who communicate with them.

British Sign Language (BSL)

BSL is the primary sign language used in the UK. It has its own distinct grammar, vocabulary, and syntax, which are different from those of ASL. BSL is recognized as a minority language in the UK and is used by the Deaf and hard-of-hearing communities. It is also taught in schools and used in various public services.

Linguistic Differences

One of the most significant differences between ASL and BSL is their linguistic structure. ASL uses a subject-verb-object (SVO) word order, similar to English, but with a unique spatial grammar. BSL, however, uses a subject-object-verb (SOV) word order, which is different from both ASL and English.

Vocabulary

The vocabulary of ASL and BSL is also distinct. While both languages have their own signs for common words and phrases, they are not interchangeable. For example, the sign for “hello” in ASL is different from the sign for “hello” in BSL. This means that a person fluent in ASL would not be able to communicate effectively with someone who uses BSL without additional learning.

Grammar

The grammar of ASL and BSL differs in several ways. ASL uses non-manual markers (facial expressions, head movements, and body language) to convey grammatical information, whereas BSL relies more on manual signs. For instance, in ASL, the direction of a sign can change its meaning, whereas in BSL, the same sign might be used with different non-manual markers to convey different meanings.

Cultural Differences 

The cultural context in which ASL and BSL are used also plays a significant role in their differences. ASL is deeply rooted in American Deaf culture, which has its own unique history, traditions, and values. BSL, on the other hand, is part of British Deaf culture, which has its own distinct cultural practices and community norms.

Community and Usage

ASL is widely used in educational settings, public services, and community events in the United States. It is also recognised as a valid language for academic and professional purposes. BSL, similarly, is used in various settings in the UK, including schools, hospitals, and government services. However, the level of recognition and support for BSL varies compared to ASL.

Practical Differences

In practical terms, the differences between ASL and BSL can be seen in everyday communication. For example, a fluent person in ASL must learn BSL to communicate effectively with someone in the UK. This is not just a matter of learning new signs but also understanding the different grammatical structures and cultural nuances.

Learning and Teaching

Learning ASL or BSL requires a significant amount of time and effort. Both languages have their own teaching methods and resources. ASL is taught in many schools and universities in the United States, while BSL is taught in schools and community centres in the UK. There are also online courses and resources available for both languages.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the differences between ASL and BSL are significant and multifaceted. From their historical backgrounds to their linguistic and cultural differences, these two sign languages are unique and important parts of their respective communities. Understanding these differences is crucial for effective communication and mutual respect between the Deaf and hard-of-hearing communities in the United States and the UK.